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Factors affecting the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in older adults: A systematic Review
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Farzaneh Farzadnia   |
| Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: (2 Views) |
Abstract
Aim. This review aimed to identify and analyze lifestyle factors influencing the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older adults, and to evaluate the combined effects of diet, physical activity, smoking avoidance, and body mass index (BMI) control.
Background. Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary habits, exercise, and smoking cessation, are effective and low-cost preventive interventions. Understanding the impact of these factors individually and synergistically can guide public health and clinical strategies.
Methodology. A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 on CVD prevention in adults aged ≥60 were searched out from Persian and international databases (SID, MagIran, IranMedex, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Eligible studies included original research (cross-sectional, cohort, and clinical trials) in Persian or English. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed systematically, and 22 studies met the inclusion criteria for final analysis.
Findings. Evidence indicates that a healthy diet, including Mediterranean or plant-based patterns, regular physical activity ≥150 minutes per week, smoking avoidance, and BMI control, collectively reduce cardiovascular risk factors and the incidence of CVD. Adherence to healthy dietary patterns decreased BMI, LDL-C, triglycerides, and HbA1c. Regular exercise demonstrated synergistic benefits with diet and smoking cessation, lowering the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular events. Lifestyle interventions in pre-diabetic or metabolically at-risk populations slowed the progression of metabolic disorders and reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion. Promoting and adhering to a healthy lifestyle in older adults is an effective strategy for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive, multidimensional lifestyle programs not only improve individual health but also reduce the societal and economic burden of CVD and enhance quality of life in the aging population.
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| Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Older adults, Prevention, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical activity, Risk factors |
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Full-Text [PDF 978 kb]
(4 Downloads)
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: Applicable |
Subject:
Cardiovascular
Received: 2026/01/08 | Accepted: 2024/03/20 | Published: 2024/03/20 | ePublished: 2024/03/20
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